skinheads

Skinheads

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Soulboys

Soulboys (sometimes spelled soul boys) were a working class youth subculture the late 1970s and early 1980s. Fans of American soul and funk music, the subculture emerged in Nort-West England asnorthern soul event attendees began to take more interest in the more modern funk and jazz funk sounds of artists such Lonnie Smith and Roy Ayeres instead of obscure 1960s soul records that characterized the northern soul scene.

The subculture emerged at nightclubs in theSouth East England such as The Goldmine in Canvey Island and The Royalty in Southgate. DJs involved with the development of the soulboy scene included Chris Fill, Robbie Vincent, Greg Edwards and Froggy. Caister Soul Weekenders became the main event in the soulboy scene and still exist today. The casual subculture that emerged in the 1980s was heavily influenced by the soulboys, including the sideways fringed wedge hairstyle. Although the soulboy scene was huge by the early 1980s, it received little media coverage because it was centred around American funk acts and was largely working class. Therefore, it received far less coverage than more middle class cultures of the same period, notably the new romantics.

Steampunk

Steampunk is a sub-genre of science fiction and speculative fiction, frequently featuring elements of fantasy, that came into prominence in the 1980s and early 1990s. The term denotes works set in an era or world where steam power is still widely used — usually the 19th century, and often Victorian era England — but with prominent elements of either science fiction or fantasy, such as fictional technological inventions like those found in the works of Wells and Jules Verne, or real technological developments like the computer occurring at an earlier date. Other examples of steampunk contain alternate history-style presentations of "the path not taken" of such technology as dirigibles, analog computers , or digital mechanical computers . These frequently are presented in an idealized light, or with a presumption of functionality.

Steampunk is often associated with cyberpank and shares a similar fanbase and theme of rebellion, but developed as a separate movement (though both have considerable influence on each other). Apart from time period and level of technological development, the main difference between cyberpunk and steampunk is that steampunk settings usually tend to be less obviously dystorian than cyberpunk, or lack dystopian elements entirely.

Various modern utilitarian objects have been modded by individual artisans into a pseudo-Victorian mechanical "steampunk" style, and a number of visual and musical artists have been described as steampunk.Because of the popularity of steampunk with goths, punks, industrial music fans, gamers, and geeks, there is a growing movement towards establishing steampunk as a culture and lifestyle. fans of the genre adopt a steampunk aesthetic through fashion, home decor, music, and film. This may be described as neo-victoriaism, which is the amalgamation of Victorian aesthetic principles with modern sensibilities and technologies. have proposed a steampunk philosophy, sometimes with punk-inspired anti-establishment sentiments, and typically bolstered by optimism about human nature.

RoCKerS

Rockers, leather boys or ton-up boys are a biker subculture that originated in the US during the 1950s. It was mainly centered around British cafe racer motorcycles and rock and roll music.
The termcafe racers originated in the 1950s, when bikers often frequented transport cafes , using them as starting and finishing points for road races. A cafe racer is a motorcycle that has been modified for speed and good handling rather than for comfort include: a single racing seat, low handlebars (such as ace bars or one-sided clip-ons mounted directly onto the front forks for control and aerodynamics), half or full race fairings, large racing petrol tanks (often left unpainted), swept-back exhaust pipes, and rear-set footpegs (to give better clearance while cornering at high speeds). motorcycles were lean, light and handled various road surfaces well. used the most common and fastest racing engine combined with the best handling frame of its day.Rockers bought standard factory-made motorcycles and stripped them down, tuning them up and modifying them to appear like racing bikes. Their bikes were not merely transport, but were used as an object of intimidation and masculinity projecting them uneasily close to death, an element exaggerated by their use of skull and crossbone-type symbolism. They wore heavily-decorated leather motorcycle jackets, often adorned with metal studs, patches, pin badges and sometimes an gas man trinket. When they rode their motorcycles, they usually wore no helmet, or wore a classic open-face helmet, aviator goggles and a white silk scarf (to protect them from the elements). Other common items included: T-shirts, leather caps, leather trousers, tall motorcycle boots (often made by Lewis Leathers) . The rocker hairstyle, kept in place with Brylcreem, was usually a tame or exaggerated pompadour, as was popular with some 1950s rock and roll musicians.They had no knowledge of the different sorts of drugs. To them amphetamines, cannabis, heroin were all drugs - something to be hated. Their ritual hatred of Mods and other sub-cultures was based in part on the fact that these people were believed to take drugs and were therefore regarded as sissies. Their dislike of anyone connected with drugs was intense.
n the 2000s, many rockers still wear engineer boots or full-length motorcycle boots, . have continued to wear motorcycle jackets, leather trousers and white silk scarves while riding their bikes. Leather caps adorned with metal studs and chains, common among rockers in the 1950s and 1960s, are rarely seen any more. Instead, some contemporary rockers wear a classic wool English driving cap.